INTP

INTJ

ISTJ

ENFJ

ISFP

ISTP

ESFJ

INFJ

ISPJ

ENFP

ESFP

INFP

ENTJ

ISTJ

ENTP

ESTP

INTP

Introverted Thinking with Extraverted Intuition

People with INTP preferences are independent problem solvers who excel at providing a detached, concise analysis of an idea or situation. They ask the difficult questions, challenging others and themselves to find new logical approaches.

INTPs' best work may emerge when they are allowed to work independently on a problem whose solution requires an approach that runs counter to prevailing wisdom or knowledge. Though they typically work best alone, their incisive critiques and summaries can assist a group in getting to the core of complex problems.

Characteristics of INTPs
INTPs use their Thinking primarily internally to find or develop underlying principles and logical structures for understanding and explaining the world. They approach almost everything with skepticism, form their own opinions and standards, and apply these standards rigorously to themselves. They highly value intelligence and competence. INTPs are likely to be

· Logical, analytical, and objectively critical
· Detached and contemplative

INTPs see possibilities and connections beyond the present and obvious. They are curious and seek knowledge for its own sake. They love to theorize and discuss abstractions. INTPs are usually

· Mentally quick, insightful, and ingenious
· Intensely curious about ideas, theories, and what makes things work.

INTPs quickly see inconsistencies and illogicality and enjoy taking apart and reworking ideas. They naturally build complex theoretical systems to explain the realities they see. They find it difficult to work on routine tasks, but bring great energy, intensity, and focus to researching or analyzing a complex problem that arouses their curiosity.

How Others May See Them
INTPs are usually quiet and reserved though they can be talkative in areas in which they are especially knowledgeable. Unless their work requires action, they are more interested in the challenge of finding solutions than in putting solutions to practical use. They prefer not to organize people or situations.
INTPs are tolerant of a wide range of behavior, arguing and raising issues only when they believe it is reasonable to do so. This flexibility disappears, however, when their ruling principles are challenged; then they stop adapting. INTPs prize precision in communication and dislike redundancy or stating the obvious. They want to express the exact truth, but they may make it so complex that others have difficulty understanding. Others usually see INTPs as

· Quiet, contained, calm, and detached observers
· Independent, valuing autonomy

Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported INTPs in the development and expression of their Intuitive and Thinking preferences.
· If they have not developed their Intuition, INTPs may have no reliable way of taking in information and be immersed in their internal logical systems. Then they find it difficult to actualize or even communicate their ideas.
· If they have not developed their Thinking, they may go from insight to insight, never analyzing them with a critical eye or integrating them into a whole.
If INTPs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Become cynical and negative critics
· Be sarcastic and destructively critical Isolate themselves and put off action
· Engage in verbal sparring and arguments
It is natural for INTPs to give less attention to their non- preferred Feeling and Sensing parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may
· Be insensitive to the needs of others for information and emotional connection
· Decide something they or others value is not important because it is "not logical"
· Fail to consider the impact of their ideas or style of expression on others
· Be impractical, forgetting details such as appropriate dress, unpaid bills, physical needs
Under great stress, INTPs may erupt outwardly in inappropriate displays of emotion. The resulting explosive anger or hurt tearfulness is quite unnerving to others and embarrassing to the usually calm and controlled INTP

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INTJ

Introverted Intuition with Extraverted Thinking

At Their Best
People with INTJ preferences have a clear vision of future possibilities coupled with the drive and organization to implement their ideas. They love complex challenges and readily synthesize complicated theoretical and abstract matters. Once they have created their general structure, they devise strategies to achieve their goals. Their global thinking leads them to develop visionary goals and a broad - brush plan for achieving these within large organizational structures.
INTJs value knowledge and expect competence of them- selves and others. They especially abhor confusion, mess, and inefficiency.

Characteristics of INTJs
INTJs see things from a global perspective and quickly relate new information to overall patterns. They trust their insightful connections regardless of established authority or popular opinions. Dull routine smothers their creativity. INTJs use their Intuition primarily internally, where they develop complex structures and pictures of the future. They are likely to be

· Insightful, creative synthesizers
· Conceptual, long-range thinkers

 INTJs use their thinking to make logical decisions. They assess everything with a critical eye, quickly identify problems to solve, and are tough and decisive when the situation calls for toughness. INTJs tend to be
· 

· Clear and concise
· Rational, detached, and objectively critical

INTJs are excellent long-range planners and often rise to positions of leadership in groups or organizations. They are independent, trust their own perceptions and judgments more than those of others, and apply their high standards of knowledge and competence most rigorously to themselves.

How Others May See Them
INTJs present a calm, decisive, and assured face to the world, though they may find it difficult to engage in social conversation. They usually don't directly express their most valued and valuable part: their creative insights. Instead, they translate them into logical decisions, opinions, and plans, which they often express clearly. Because of this, others sometimes experience INTJs as intractable, much to the surprise of the INTJ, who is very willing to change an opinion when new evidence emerges. Others usually see INTJs as
·

·  Private, reserved, hard to know, even aloof
·  Conceptual, original, and independent

Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported INTJs in the development and expression of their Thinking and Intuitive preferences.
· If they have not developed their Thinking, INTJs may not have reliable ways to translate their valuable insights into achievable realities.
· If they have not developed their Intuition, they may not take in enough information or take in only that information that fits their insights. Then they may make ill - founded decisions based on limited or idiosyncratic information.
If INTJs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may become aloof and abrupt, not giving enough information about their internal processing.
· Be critical of those who do not see their vision quickly
· Become single-minded and unyielding in pursuing it
It is natural for INTJs to give less attention to their non- preferred Sensing and Feeling parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may overlook details or facts that do not fit into their Intuitive patterns
· Engage in "intellectual games," quibbling over abstract issues and terms that have little meaning or relevance to others
· Not give enough weight to the impacts of their decisions on individuals
· Fail to give as much praise or intimate connection as others desire
Under great stress, INTJs can overindulge in Sensing activities watching TV reruns, playing cards, overeating or become overly focused on specific details in their environment that they normally do not notice or usually see as unimportant (housecleaning, organizing cupboards).
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ISTJ

Introverted Sensing with Extraverted Thinking

At Their Best
ISTJs have a strong sense of responsibility and great loyalty to the organizations, families, and relationships in their lives. They work with steady energy to fulfill commitments as stated and on time. They go to almost any trouble to complete something they see as necessary but balk at doing anything that doesn't make sense to them.
ISTJs generally prefer to work alone and be accountable for the results; however, they are comfortable working in teams when that is necessary to do the job right, when roles are clearly defined, and when everyone fulfills assigned responsibilities. Competence and responsibility are extremely important to ISTJs, who expect others to be as dutiful and trustworthy as they require themselves to be.

Characteristics of ISTJs
ISTJs have a profound respect for facts. They use their Sensing primarily internally, where they have a storehouse of information upon which they draw to understand the present. Thus, they are likely to be

· Practical, sensible, and realistic
· Systematic

ISTJs use Thinking in decision making, taking an objective, logical, and tough-minded approach. Their focus is on the task or system as a whole, rather than on individuals. Thus, ISTJs tend to be
·

  · Logical and analytical
·· Detached and reasonable

ISTJs are clear and steadfast in their opinions because they have arrived at them by carefully and thoroughly applying logical criteria based on their experience and knowledge. They believe standard procedures exist because such procedures work. ISTJs will support change only when facts demonstrate that such change will bring better results.

How Others May See Them
ISTJs are sociable when comfortable in the roles they are playing; however, they generally do not share their wealth of rich Sensing observations and memories except with close friends. Others see their standards and judgments, their desire for structure and schedules, but they may not see their individual, sometimes humorous, private reactions. It can be hard for ISTJs to see the sense in needs that differ widely from their own; but, once they are convinced that something matters to a person they care about, that need becomes a fact. They then go to great lengths to meet the need, even while continuing to think it doesn't make sense. Others usually see ISTJs as
·

· Calm, reserved, and serious
· Consistent and orderly
· Valuing traditions

Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ISTJs in the development and expression of their Thinking and Sensing preferences.
· If they have not developed their Thinking, ISTJs may not have reliable ways of dealing with the world and instead may focus solely on their memories and internal data.
· If they have not developed their Sensing, they may rush into premature judgments and actions without considering new information.
If ISTJs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Become rigid about time, schedules, and procedures go "by the book"
· Be critical and judgmental of others
· Find it difficult to delegate to trust anyone else to do the job right
It is natural for ISTJs to give less attention to their non- preferred Intuitive and Feeling parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may
· Not see the wider ramifications of current, expedient decisions
· Concentrate on logic so much they don't consider impacts on people
· Fail to respond appropriately to others' needs for connection and intimacy
Under great stress, ISTJs may be unable to use their customary calm, reasonable judgment and get caught up in "catastrophizing" imagining a host of negative possibilities for themselves and others.
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ENFJ

Extroverted Feeling with Introverted Intuition

At Their Best
People with ENFJ preferences are highly attuned to others, using empathy to quickly understand emotional needs, motivations, and concerns. Their focus is on supporting others and encouraging their growth. ENFJs are friendly persuaders who can often build consensus among people whose interests and motives are quite diverse. They often act as catalysts, including everyone and drawing out the best in others. They can be inspiring leaders as well as loyal followers.

Characteristics of ENFJs
ENFJs base decisions on personal values. They use their Feeling primarily externally, radiating warmth and energy. They look for and find the best in others and prize harmony and cooperation. They are warmed by approval, responding with energy and devotion, and are especially sensitive to criticism or tensions. ENFJs are likely to be
· 

Warm, compassionate, and supportive
· Loyal and trustworthy

ENFJs see meanings and connections and can be very insightful about others. They are curious about new ideas and stimulated by possibilities for contributing to the good of humanity. ENFJs are likely to
·

 Be imaginative and creative
· Like variety and new challenges

ENFJs naturally see the potential for growth in others and devote energy to help others achieve it. They are sensitive facilitators. ENFJs take responsibility for organizing interactions of colleagues, friends, or family so that all are involved, harmony prevails, and people have fun.

How Others May See Them
ENFJs are energetic, enthusiastic, and very aware of others. Their genuine interest can usually draw out and involve even the most reserved person. They listen to and support others but also have very definite values and opinions of their own, which they will express clearly. ENFJs are energized by people and are socially adept; however, they also have a strong need for authentic, intimate relationships. They bring great enthusiasm and intensity to creating and maintaining these. ENFJs like their lives to be organized and will work to bring closure to ambiguous relationships or situations. However, if people's needs conflict with schedules and rules, they will put people first. Others usually see ENFJs as
· Sociable, personable, congenial, and gracious
· Expressive, responsive, and persuasive
Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ENFJs in the development and expression of their Intuitive and Feeling preferences.
· If they have not developed their Intuition, ENFJs may not see possibilities, making decisions too quickly without taking in enough information or considering factors beyond their own personal values.
· If they have not developed their Feeling, their decisions may be inconsistent and poorly formulated. They may then accept the judgments of others too readily.
If ENFJs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Worry, feel guilty, and doubt themselves
· Become insistent and controlling in their desire for harmony
· Be overly sensitive to criticism, real or imagined
It is natural for ENFJs to give less attention to their non-preferred Thinking and Sensing parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may
· Make decisions based solely on personal values when logic is needed also
· Find it difficult to admit to problems or disagreements with people they care about
· Overlook details required to realize their ideals
Under great stress, ENFJs may find themselves suddenly and uncharacteristically critical and fault-finding with others. They generally keep these negative opinions to themselves, but they find such thoughts troubling and upsetting.
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ISFP

Introverted Feeling with Extraverted Sensing

At Their Best
ISFPs live in the present with a quiet sense of joyfulness; they want time to experience each moment. They prize the freedom to follow their own course, have their own space, and set their own time frame, and they give the same freedom and tolerance to others. They are faithful in fulfilling obligations to people and things that are important to them. ISFPs take time to develop intimacy with others, but, once they do, those relationships are very important. They express their devotion to others spontaneously in many quiet ways.
Characteristics of ISFPs
ISFPs are guided by a strong core of inner values and want their outer life to demonstrate those values. They want their work to be more than just a job; they want to contribute to people's well-being or happiness. They don't enjoy routine but will work with energy and dedication when doing something they believe in. ISFPs are likely to be Trusting, kind, and considerate Sensitive and gentle ISFPs are acutely aware of the specifics and realities of the present the people and the world around them. They learn by doing more than by reading or hearing and get involved in day-by-day care taking activities. ISFPs are likely to be Observant Realistic, practical, concrete, and factual ISFPs are attuned to the feelings and needs of others and flexible in responding to them. They often have an affinity for nature and for beauty in all living things people, plants, and animals. They prize most those who take time to understand their values and goals and who support them in achieving those goals in their own way.
How Others May See Them
ISFPs are adaptable and flexible unless something that matters strongly to them is endangered; then they stop adapt- ing. They care deeply about people but may show it through doing things for others more than through words. ISFPs tend to be quiet and unassuming, and their warmth, enthusiasm, and playful humor may not be apparent to people who don't know them well. They prefer to observe and support rather than organize situations; they have little wish to dominate. ISFPs may be underestimated by others and may also underrate themselves. They often take or granted what they do well and make too much of the contrast between their inner standards and their actual behavior and accomplishments. Others usually see ISFPs as Quiet, reserved, and private Spontaneous and tolerant - hard to know well
Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ISFPs in the development and expression of their Sensing and Feeling preferences. If they have not developed their Sensing, ISFPs may have no reliable way of getting accurate data about the external world or of actualizing their values. Their decisions will be based on little information and be overly personal. If they have not developed their Feeling, they may get caught up in Sensing realities and not take time for the internal valuing process by which they make their best decisions. They may avoid decision making, allowing others or circumstances to decide for them. If ISFPs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may Withdraw from people and situations Be excessively self-critical Passively resist structures and rules Feel unappreciated and undervalued It is natural for ISFPs to give less attention to their non- preferred Thinking and Intuitive parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may Reject or not take seriously logical systems Feel ill-equipped to deal with complexity Not always see the wider ramifications of their specific, immediate decisions Under great stress, ISFPs can become uncharacteristically critical of themselves and others, verbalizing harsh and negative judgments.

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ISTP

Introverted Intuition with Extraverted Thinking

At Their Best
People with ISTP preferences carefully observe what is going on around them. Then, when the need arises, they move quickly to get to the core of a problem and solve it with the greatest efficiency and the least effort. They are interested in how and why things work but find abstract theories uninteresting unless they can quickly apply them. They often function as troubleshooters.
ISTPs resist regimentation and rules, thrive on variety and novelty, and enjoy the challenge of solving a new, concrete, extensive problem.
Characteristics of ISTPs
ISTPs use their Thinking primarily internally to see the essential structure underlying the facts. Their minds seem to work almost like computers, organizing data, reasoning impersonally and objectively. They make rational decisions based on a great deal of concrete data. ISTPs are likely to be
· Detached and objective critics
· Analytical and logical problem solvers
ISTPs are realists, focusing on what is and what can be done with it, rather than on theoretical possibilities. They are often creative at dealing with the immediate problems and good at hands-on tasks. ISTPs are likely to be
· Practical and realistic
· Factual and pragmatic
ISTPs are expedient and believe in economy of effort doing only what is needed with the least possible discussion and fuss. Their focus is on getting the desired results.
How Others May See Them
ISTPs are egalitarian and generally tolerant of a wide range of behavioruntil their ruling logical principles are attacked. At that point, they can surprise others by expressing their firm and clear judgments. ISTPs listen and seem to agree because they are not disagreeing; later, others may find the ISTP was analyzing and making internal judgments.
With their constant scanning for information and focus on results, ISTPs will change course readily if they see another, more efficient way. Because of this, others some- times have trouble "reading" them. They tend to be quiet and reserved, though they can be quite talkative in areas in which they have a lot of knowledge. Others usually see ISTPs as
· Adaptable, action-oriented risk takers
· Confident, independent, and self-determined
Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have n6t supported ISTPs in the development and expression of their Sensing and Thinking preferences.
· If they have not developed their Sensing, ISTPs may have no reliable way of getting accurate data about the external world or of translating their thoughts into action.
· If they have not developed their Thinking, they may get caught up in the realities around them. and not take time to do the internal logical processing they need to make good decisions. Then their actions may be haphazard responses to immediate needs.
If ISTPs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Become cynical and negative critics
· Withdraw their attention and energy
· Postpone decisions
It is natural for ISTPs to give less attention to their non- preferred Feeling and Intuitive parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may
· Overlook others' emotional needs and values
· Not give sufficient weight to the impacts of their decisions on others
· Focus so intently on immediate results that they lose track of the long-term ramifications of their decisions and actions
Under great stress, ISTPs may erupt outwardly in inappropriate displays of emotion. The resulting explosive anger or hurt tearfulness is quite unnerving to others and embarrassing to the usually calm and controlled ISTP.
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ESFJ

Extroverted Feeling with Introverted Sensing

At Their Best
People with ESFJ preferences like to organize people and situations and then work with others to complete tasks accurately and on time. They are conscientious and loyal, following through even in small matters, and they want others to he the same. They value security and stability. Sociable and outgoing, ESFJs enjoy celebrations and traditions and bring a very personal caring to the workplace and home. They want to be appreciated for themselves and for what they give to others.
Characteristics of ESFJs
ESFJs use their Feeling primarily externally and radiate warmth and energy. They are encouraged by approval and hurt by indifference or unkindness. Conflict-filled or tense situations make them uncomfortable, and they work to ensure these don't occur. ESFJs are likely to be Warm, sympathetic, and helpful Personable, cooperative, and tactful ESFJs focus on the present and base decisions on experience and facts. Though they enjoy variety, they adapt well to routine and don't like work that demands mastery of abstract ideas or impersonal analysis. They enjoy their pos- sessions and take good care of them. ESFJs are likely to be Practical, realistic, and down-to-earth Decisive, thorough, and consistent ESFJs are sensitive to the needs of each individual in their environment and good at providing practical caring. Much of their pleasure and satisfaction comes from the comfort and pleasure of others.

How Others May See Them
ESFJs are energized by interaction with others and genuinely interested in others' lives and concerns. They feel most comfortable in structured situations and enjoy creat- ing order, structure, and schedules. They prefer to do things the traditional and accepted way. For the sake of harmony, ESFJs will agree with others when they can. However, they also have strong values, which they express clearly and confidently when they think it is appropriate. ESFJs value family and social ties. They enjoy belonging and are good at celebrations and traditions. Others usually see ESFJs as Sociable, outgoing, enthusiastic, and energetic Organized and orderly Committed to preserving traditions
 

Potential Areas for Growth

Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ESFJs in the development and expression of their Sensing and Feeling preferences. If they have not developed their Sensing, ESFJs may not take in much information before making decisions and jump to conclusions before fully understanding a situation. They may then impose those decisions on everyone around them. If they have not developed their Feeling, they may be tentative and uncertain, accepting the judgments of others too quickly. If ESFJs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may Doubt themselves and focus their attention entirely on satisfying the needs of others Worry and feel guilty Become controlling in their push for harmony "we will all get along" Become overly sensitive, imagining slights where none was intended It is natural for ESFJs to give less attention to their non- preferred Thinking and Intuitive parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may Find it difficult to acknowledge and deal with the truth of problems with people or things they care about Support those in charge or the standard procedures too uncritically Fail to see wider possibilities or alternative ways of doing things Under great stress, ESFJs may find themselves uncharacteristically critical of others and of themselves. Their negative thoughts and opinions then trouble them greatly.

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At Their Best
People with INFJ preferences have a gift for intuitively understanding complex meanings and human relationships. They have faith in their insights and find that they often empathically understand the feelings and motivations of people before the others themselves are aware of them. They combine this empathic understanding with the drive and organization to implement global plans for enhancing people's lives.
INFJs have a visionary grasp of human relationships and possibilities, which, when articulated, can elevate and in- spire others.

Characteristics of INFJs
INFJs seek meaning and connection in their lives and have little use for details unless they fit with their inner vision. They use their Intuition primarily internally, where they develop complex pictures and understandings. INFJs are likely to be
· Insightful, creative, and visionary
· Conceptual, symbolic, and metaphorical
· Idealistic, complex, and deep
INFJs apply personal values and empathize to understand others and make decisions. They are loyal to people and institutions that exemplify their values but have little interest in those that do not. INFJs prefer to lead persuasively by sharing their vision. They are likely to be
· Sensitive, compassionate, and empathic
· Deeply committed to their values
INFJs want meaning and purpose in their work, their relationships, even their material possessions. They are invested in growth and development for themselves and significant others and are willing to consider unconventional paths to achieve these. They value the depth and complexity of their insights and creative gifts as well as those of others. They want to see these insights realized in the world.
How Others May See Them
INFJs readily show compassion and caring for others, but they share their internal intuitions only with those they trust. Because they keep this most valued, important part private, others may find them difficult to know. When they try to communicate their internal sense of "knowing," they often express it metaphorically and with complexity. They especially value authenticity arid commitment in relationships.
Though INFJs are usually reserved, they don't hesitate to assert themselves when their values are violated. Then they can be persistent and insistent. Others usually experience INFJs as
· Private, even mysterious I
· ntense and individualistic

Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported INFJs in the development and expression of their Feeling and Intuitive preferences.
· If they have not developed their Feeling, INFJs may not have reliable ways of making decisions and accomplishing their goals. Then, their valuable insights and creativity stay locked inside.
· If they have not developed their Intuition, they may not take in enough information or take in only what fits with their internal pictures. Then they will make ill-founded decisions based on distorted or limited information.
If INFJs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Not give others the information they used to arrive at a decision, and thus seem arbitrary
· Base their judgments on little data, on a sense of "knowing" that has little basis in reality
· Withdraw their energy and insight
· Become resentful and critical
It is natural for INFJs to give less attention to their non- preferred Sensing and Thinking parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may
· Be unable to verbalize their inner insights in a way that others can understand
· Fail to check their insights against reason and practicality, and end up following a vision that has little possibility of being realized
· Become single minded in pursuit of a vision
Under great stress, INFJs may become obsessed with data they normally would consider irrelevant or over- indulge in Sensing activities such as watching TV reruns, overeating, or buying things that have little meaning for them.
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At Their Best
People with ISFJ preferences are dependable and considerate, committed to the people and groups with which they are associated, and faithful in carrying out responsibilities. They work with steady energy to complete jobs fully and on time. They will go to great trouble to do something they see as necessary but dislike being required to do anything that doesn't make sense to them.
ISFJs focus on what people need and want, and they establish orderly procedures to be sure those needs and wants are fulfilled. They take roles and responsibilities seriously and want others to do the same. Family relationships and responsibilities are extremely important to ISFJs, who fulfill their roles conscientiously and expect other family members to do the same.
Characteristics of ISFJs
ISFJs have a realistic and practical respect for facts. They use their Sensing primarily internally, where they have a wealth of stored information. They remember clearly the details of things that have personal meaning for them, such as tones of voice and facial expressions. Thus, ISFJs are likely to be
· Practical and realistic
· Concrete and specific
ISFJs use Feeling to make decisions based on personal values and concern for others. They value harmony and cooperation and work to create them. Thus, they are likely to be
· Cooperative and thoughtful of others
· Kind and sensitive
Their opinions are firm because their decisions are based on careful application of their clear values and their wealth of stored data. ISFJs respect established procedures and authority, believing that these have persisted because they function well. Therefore they will support change only when new data show it will be of practical benefit to people.

How Others May See Them
ISFJs are unassuming and quiet in their interactions, often putting the needs of others especially family members ahead of their own. They are uncomfortable with confrontation and will go a long way to accommodate others, though their respect for traditions and people's feelings can lead them to challenge actions they perceive as hurtful or insensitive. People see their values, their desire for structure and closure, their kindness. What others may not see is the wealth of rich, accurate internal Sensing impressions and memories. Others usually see ISFJs as
· Quiet, serious, and conscientious
· Considerate, good caretakers
· Honoring commitments, preserving traditions
Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ISFJs in the development and expression of their Feeling and Sensing preferences.
· If they have not developed their Feeling, ISFJs may not have reliable ways of dealing with the world and instead focus solely on their Sensing memories and impressions.
· If they have not developed their Sensing, they may rush into value judgments or taking care of others without considering the realities.
If ISFJs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Become rigid in supporting hierarchy, authority, and procedures
· Feel unappreciated, resentful complain a lot
· Be overly focused on immediate impacts of decisions
It is natural for ISFJs to give less attention to their non- preferred Intuitive and Thinking parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may
· Not see the wider ramifications of current decisions or procedures
· Find it difficult to assert their needs
· Be uncomfortable applying impersonal criteria to decisions, even when needed
Under great stress, ISFJs can get caught up in "catastrophizing" imagining a host of negative possibilities. They may then express these without their usual consideration for the impact on people around them.

ENFP

Extroverted Intuition with Introverted Feeling

At Their Best 

For people with ENFP preferences, life is a creative adventure full of exciting possibilities. ENFPs are keenly perceptive about people and insightful about the present and future. They experience a wide range of feelings and intense emotions. They need affirmation from others and readily give appreciation and support. 

ENFPs are good at understanding how people and groups work and are persuasive and compelling in pursuing what is important to them. They are adaptable, blooming where they are planted. Their energy and enthusiasm encourage others to bloom as well.

Characteristics of ENFPs 

ENFPs are innovators, initiating projects and directing great energy into getting them under way. Using Intuition primarily externally, they are stimulated by new people, ideas, and experiences. They find meaning and significance readily and see connections that others don't. They are likely to be 

• Curious, creative, and imaginative 
• Energetic, enthusiastic, and spontaneous 

ENFPs value harmony and goodwill. They like to please others and will adapt to others' needs and wishes when possible. ENFPs primarily use Feeling internally, making decisions by applying personal values through identification and empathy with others. ENFPs are likely to be 

• Warm, friendly, and caring 
• Cooperative and supportive 

ENFPs have exceptional insight into possibilities in others and the energy and motivation to help actualize them. They feel confident moving ahead based on their insights, and their enthusiasm tends to bring others along with them.

How Others May See Them 

ENFPs are usually lively, gregarious, and sociable, with a large circle of friends. They are interested in almost every- thing and bring a zest to life that draws others to them. At the same time, they value depth and authenticity in their close relationships and direct great energy to creating and supporting open and honest communication. 

ENFPs hate routine, schedules, and structure and usually manage to avoid them. They are normally verbally fluent, even in extemporaneous situations; however, when their deepest values need expression, they may suddenly be awkward and express their judgments with uncharacteristic intensity. Others usually see ENFPs as 

• Personable, perceptive, and persuasive 
• Enthusiastic, spontaneous, and versatile 
• Giving and seeking affirmation

Potential Areas for Growth 

Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ENFPs in the development and expression of their Feeling and Intuitive preferences. 

• If they have not developed their Feeling, they may go from enthusiasm to enthusiasm, never committing the energy necessary to actualize their insights, or they may make overly personal decisions. 
• If they have not developed their Intuition, they may fail to take in enough information, lack trust in their own insights, be uncertain, and accept others' perceptions too quickly. 

If ENFPs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may 

• Become scattered, have trouble focusing, be easily distracted 
• Fail to follow through on decisions 
• Become rebellious, excessively nonconforming 
• Ignore deadlines and procedures 

It is natural for ENFPs to give less attention to their non- preferred Sensing and Thinking parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may 

• Not take care of the details and routine required for implementing their inspirations 
• Overextend themselves have trouble saying no to interesting possibilities and people 
• Fail to apply reason and logic to assess their inspirations and decisions 

Under great stress, ENFPs may become overwhelmed by detail and lose their normal perspective and sense of options. Then they tend to focus on an unimportant or distorted detail, letting it become the central fact of their universe.

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At Their Best
People with ESFP preferences are exuberant lovers of life. They live in the moment and find enjoyment in people, food, clothes, animals, the natural world, and activities. They seldom let rules interfere with their lives, focusing on meeting human needs in creative ways.
ESFPs are excellent team players, oriented to getting the task done with a maximum amount of fun and a minimum amount of fuss.
Characteristics of ESFPs
ESFPs are interested in people and new experiences. Because they learn more from doing than from studying or reading, they tend to plunge into things, learning as they go. They appreciate their possessions and take pleasure in them. ESFPs are likely to be
· Observant
· Practical, realistic, and specific
· Active, involved in immediate experiences
ESFPs make decisions by using their personal values. They use their Feeling judgment internally to make decisions by identifying and empathizing with others. They are good at interpersonal interactions and often play the role of peacemaker. Thus, ESFPs are likely to be
· Generous, optimistic, and persuasive
· Warm, sympathetic, and tactful
ESFPs are keen observers of human behavior. They seem to sense what is happening with other people and respond quickly to their practical needs. They are especially good at mobilizing people to deal with crises.

How Others May See Them
ESFPs get a lot of fun out of life and are fun to be with; their exuberance and enthusiasm draw others to them. They are flexible, adaptable, congenial, and easygoing. They seldom plan ahead, trusting their ability to respond in the moment and deal effectively with whatever presents itself. They hate structure and routine and will generally find ways to get around them.

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At Their Best
People with INFP preferences have an inner core of values that guides their interactions and decisions. They want to be involved in work that contributes to both their own growth and inner development and those of others to have a purpose beyond their paycheck. They make a priority of clarifying their values and living in congruence with them. INFPs recognize and honor the emotional and psychological needs of others, even when others may not have recognized or expressed their own needs.
Characteristics of INFPs
INFPs primarily use their Feeling preference internally where they make decisions based on their values of self understanding, individuality, and growth. Living by moral commitments to what they believe in is crucial to INFPs. They are likely to be Sensitive, concerned, and caring Idealistic and loyal to their ideas INFPs enjoy reading, discussing, and reflecting on possibilities for positive change in the future. They are curious about ideas and quick to see connections and meanings. INFPs are likely to Be curious and creative Have long-range vision INFPs are usually fascinated by opportunities to explore the complexities of human personality their own and others'. They tend to work in bursts of energy and are capable of great concentration and output when fully engaged in a project. They are generally faithful in fulfilling obligations related to people, work, or ideas to which they are committed, but they can have difficulty performing routine work that has little meaning for them.

How Others May See Them
INFPs find structures and rules confining and prefer to work autonomously. They are adaptable and flexible until something violates their inner values. Then they stop adapting. The resulting expression of value judgments can emerge with an intensity that is surprising to others. INFPs tend to be reserved and selective about sharing their most deeply held values and feelings. They value relationships based on depth, authenticity, true connection, and mutual growth. INFPs prize most those who take time to understand their values and goals. Others usually see INFPs as Sensitive, introspective, and complex Original and individual Sometimes difficult to understand
Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported INFPs in the development and expression of their Intuitive and Feeling preferences. If they have not developed their Intuition, INFPs may not have reliable ways to take in information and may fail to notice the realities of situations. Then they may make decisions based solely on personal values and find it difficult to translate their values into action. If they have not developed their Feeling, they may not take time for the inner valuing process by which they make their best decisions, instead going from one exciting possibility to another and achieving little. If INFPs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may Have uncharacteristic difficulty expressing themselves verbally Withdraw from people and situations Not give enough information to others, especially about important values It is natural for INFPs to give less attention to their non- preferred Thinking and Sensing parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may Become easily discouraged about the contrast between their ideals and accomplishments Reject logical reasoning even in situations that require it, asserting the supremacy of their internal viewpoint Be impractical and have difficulty estimating the re- sources required to reach a desired goal Under great stress, INFPs may begin seriously doubting their own competence and that of others, becoming overly critical and judgmental.

At Their Best
People with ENTJ preferences are natural leaders and organization builders. They conceptualize and theorize readily and translate possibilities into plans to achieve short-term and long-term objectives. They readily see illogical and inefficient procedures and feel a strong urge to correct them to organize people and situations to get them moving in the right direction.
ENTJs are strategic visionaries, adept at planning for the future needs of the people and organizations for which they are responsible.
Characteristics of ENTJs
ENTJs use their Thinking primarily externally and are thus natural critics. They set their own standards and are forceful in applying them to others, to organizations, and to themselves. They value intelligence and competence and abhor inefficiency or ignorance. They can be tough when the situation calls for toughness. ENTJs are likely to be
· Analytical, logical, and objectively critical
· Decisive, clear, and assertive
ENTJs are intellectually curious, seek new ideas, and like complex problems. They use their Intuition primarily internally to conceive possibilities and create the insights they use in making decisions and plans. ENTJs are likely to be
· Conceptual and global thinkers
· Innovative theorizers and planners
ENTJs are usually excellent solvers of organizational problems. They are keenly aware of the intricate connections within organizations and are action oriented and strategic they think ahead, anticipate problems, devise broad plans and systems, and marshal human and material resources to achieve goals. They are generally disinterested in routine maintenance activities, preferring new challenges.
How Others May See Them
ENTJs love, and are energized by, stimulating interactions with people. They often challenge people's statements and behaviors, expecting that others will defend them and that, as a result, mutual learning will take place. ENTJs admire and seek out people who are knowledgeable and who stand up to them, say what they think, and argue persuasively.
ENTJs prefer that things be settled and clear, but their love of ideas can pull them into wide-ranging Intuitive exploration and discussions. Their verbal fluency, decisive- ness, self-confidence, and urge to organize others can over- power people at times. Others usually see ENTJs as
· Direct, challenging, and decisive
· Objective, fair, and stimulating
Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ENTJs in the development and expression of their Intuitive and Thinking preferences.
· If they have not developed their Intuition, ENTJs may make decisions too quickly without considering alternatives or exploring possibilities. In this case, their decisiveness can become dictatorial.
· If they have not developed their Thinking, they may not have a reliable way to evaluate their insights and make plans. Then their decision making will be inconsistent and changeable.
If ENTJs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Become overly impersonal and critical
· Be intrusive and directive giving orders without listening
· Become abrasive and verbally aggressive
It is natural for ENTJs to give less attention to their non- preferred Feeling and Sensing parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may
· Fail to notice or value another's need for personal connection, appreciation, and praise
· Fail to factor into their plans the needs of others for support and processing time
· Overlook specifics and realistic factors that are necessary to carry their plans to completion
Under great stress, ENTJs can be overwhelmed by self- doubt, feel alone and unappreciated, and be unable to express their distress to others.
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At Their Best
People with ESTJ preferences like to organize projects, operations, procedures, and people and then act to get things done. They live by a set of clear standards and beliefs, make a systematic effort to follow these, and expect the same of others. They value competence, efficiency, and results and display them in their work and play.
ESTJs enjoy interacting and working with others, as long as the others are responsible about meeting deadlines and completing assigned tasks. They work best in situations where clear, known problems can be solved with proven techniques.
Characteristics of ESTJs
ESTJs take an objective approach to problem solving and are tough when the situation requires toughness. They use their Thinking primarily externally to organize their lives and work, and they have little patience with confusion, inefficiency, or halfway measures. ESTJs are likely to be
· Logical, analytical, and objectively critical
· Decisive, clear, and assertive
ESTJs focus on the present what is real and actual. They apply and adapt relevant past experience to deal with problems, and they prefer jobs where results are immediate, visible, and tangible. ESTJs are likely to be
· Practical, realistic, and matter-of-fact
· Systematic and pragmatic
ESTJs are usually excellent administrators because they understand systems and logistics. They can project the steps needed to accomplish a task, foresee potential problems, assign responsibilities, and marshal resources. They cover all the bases, leave no loose ends, and get things done on time. When they see that things are not working, they will plan and act to correct the situation. Otherwise, they prefer proven procedures and systems. Their orientation is to tasks, action, and the bottom line.
How Others May See Them
Because they naturally devise systems, procedures, and schedules, others rely on ESTJs to take charge and get things done. Others may also find them overpowering at times because ESTJs are so certain about how things should be. Because they are clear and straightforward in their communication, people seldom have to wonder where they stand.
ESTJs can be quite gregarious and generally enjoy interacting with people, especially around tasks, games, traditions, and family activities. They take relationship roles seriously and fulfill them responsibly. Others usually see ESTJs as
· Conscientious and dependable
· Decisive, outspoken, and self-confident
Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ESTJs in the development and expression of their Sensing and Thinking preferences.
· If they have not developed their Sensing, ESTJs may decide too quickly before taking in enough information. Then their decisions will reflect their previously formed judgments or biases.
· If they have not developed their Thinking, they may not have a reliable way of evaluating information and thus end up making inconsistent or overly harsh decisions.
If ESTJs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Become rigid and dogmatic
· Be intrusive, "know-it-all" experts, overpowering others and refusing to listen
· Get picky about details and be impatient with those who do not follow procedures exactly
It is natural for ESTJs to give less attention to their non- preferred Feeling and Intuitive parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they may
· Apply logic even when emotions and impacts on people need primary consideration
· Fail to respond to others' needs for intimate connection and processing of feelings
· Not always see the wider ramifications of a seemingly simple, direct action
Under great stress, ESTJs may feel alone and unappreciated and be unable to communicate their feeling of distress and despair.

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At Their Best
People with ESTP preferences are energetic, active problem solvers, responding creatively to challenging situations in their environment. They seldom let rules or standard procedures interfere, finding new ways to use existing systems. They develop easy methods to do difficult things and make their work fun. They are flexible, adaptable, inventive, and resourceful, can pull conflicting factions together, and are good team members.
They are popular companions for activities (parties, sports, or work) because of their zest for life and their enjoyment of the moment.
Characteristics of ESTPs
ESTPs are interested in everything going on around them activities, food, clothes, people, the outdoors, and everything that offers new experiences. Because they learn more from doing than from studying or reading, they tend to plunge into things, learning as they go, trusting their ability to respond resourcefully. ESTPs are likely to be
· Observant
· Practical and realistic
· Active, involved in immediate experience
ESTPs make decisions by logical analysis and reasoning and can be tough when the situation calls for toughness. They usually are
· Analytical, rational problem solvers
· Straightforward and assertive
ESTPs are expert at seeing the needs of the moment and reacting quickly to meet them. For the most part, they prefer to deal flexibly with what is, rather than make judgments. They good-naturedly take things as they are and seek satisfying solutions, rather than imposing a "should" or "must" of their own.
How Others May See Them
ESTPs are strong in the art of living. They love life and immerse themselves in it; others respond to their enthusiasm and good humor. ESTPs are people of action. They usually dislike and avoid theory and written directions. Traditional schools can be difficult for people with these preferences, though ESTPs do well when they see the relevance and are allowed to experiment. Others usually see ESTPs as
· Gregarious, fun-loving, and spontaneous
· Adventurous risk takers
· Pragmatic troubleshooters
Potential Areas for Growth
Sometimes life circumstances have not supported ESTPs in the development and expression of their Thinking and Sensing preferences.
· If they have not developed their Thinking, ESTPs will not have a useful way of selecting amongst the barrage of incoming sensory data. They may then have difficulty setting priorities or may make ill-founded decisions.
· If they have not developed their Sensing, they may focus on the Sensing data that are immediately available. Their decisions may then be limited to gratification of their sensual desires, particularly those involving physical challenge and risk.
If ESTPs do not find a place where they can use their gifts and be appreciated for their contributions, they usually feel frustrated and may
· Have trouble accepting structure and meeting deadlines
· Focus entirely on excitement and activity, getting caught up in external activities
· Put enjoying life ahead of important obligations
It is natural for ESTPs to give less attention to their non- preferred Intuitive and Feeling parts. If they neglect these too much, however, they
· May not see the wider ramifications of their actions and decisions
· May forget dates and events that have special meaning to others
· May be unaware of the impact of their actions on others
· May be impatient with discussion or exploration of relationships
Under great stress, ESTPs may have negative fantasies. They may imagine that others do not really care about them, then marshal and distort their Sensing data to pro- vide themselves with "evidence" of this neglect.